平行极板电容传感器介电式颗粒饲料水分检测仪设计与试验

为了实现颗粒饲料含水率的快速、无损检测,设计了以STM32F103ZET6单片机为控制芯片的颗粒饲料水分检测仪,采用平行极板电容传感器、温度传感器、质量传感器和相应的检测电路分别检测颗粒饲料样品的电容、温度和容积密度,经过单片机进行处理后实现颗粒饲料的含水率检测,并在OLED显示屏上显示检测结果。采用自制颗粒饲料水分检测仪,分析了含水率、温度、容积密度对颗粒饲料相对介电常数的影响规律,并建立了相对介电常数与含水率、温度、容积密度之间的关系模型,模型的决定系数为0.996 8。同时对颗粒饲料水分检测仪的检测精度进行了检验,含水率实测值与仪器检测值之间的决定系数为0.990 3。试验结果表明,与烘干法相比,所设计检测仪的绝对测量误差值在±0.6%以内,具有一定的实用价值。该研究为颗粒饲料水分快速、无损在线检测提供一种新的方法和技术支撑。     

肉苁蓉种子带菌检测研究

为研究不同产地肉苁蓉种子携带真菌优势菌群和带菌率的差异,采用平皿法对肉苁蓉种子进行外部（洗涤法和干种子法）、内部（种子消毒法与种仁消毒法）带菌检测。结果表明,肉苁蓉种子携带菌群主要为曲霉属（Aspergillus spp.）、交链孢属（Alternaria spp.）、镰孢属（Fusarium spp.）、青霉属（Penicillium spp.）及少量的散囊菌属（Eurotium spp.）。不同产地肉苁蓉种子携带菌群及带菌率差异不显著,但分离频率有一定差异。研究结果为肉苁蓉种子标准的制定提供参考。     

Release of Stem Rust Resistant Wheat Varieties for Commercial Production in Kenya

Detection in 1999 of a new stem rust （Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici） race Ug99 in Uganda with broad virulence including the virulence for Sr31 and its migration to Kenya and Ethiopia has been recognized as a significant threat to local and world wheat production. All the Current Kenyan commercial varieties are susceptible to this race. This study was aimed at identifying suitable wheat varieties with resistance to Ug99 and replacing the susceptible commercial varieties through multi-locational testing and variety release. Thirty three lines were identified from a prescreen population of 104 lines and tested in 3 wheat growing regions in Kenya for two seasons in 2006 and 2007. The resulting four superior lines were evaluated under the National Performance Trial （NPT） where two lines which out-performed the best check variety were released as for commercial production. ＇Robin＇ was the best line and out yielded the commercial variety by 27%. ＂Eaglel0＂ was the second best and was better significantly than the check variety. These two lines which combined both adult plant resistant gene Sr2 complex and other major genes are expected to have some durable resistance and may be used to replace the current susceptible commercial varieties grown in Kenya.     

金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的菌膜测定及其影响因素

采用96孔细胞培养板法,对10株不同来源的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的菌膜形成能力进行调查,并研究外部环境因素对金黄色葡萄球菌菌膜形成的影响。首先以金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株ATCC6538为模式菌株,确定了亲水性细胞培养板、培养48 h为适宜的菌膜体外培养条件。在此条件下测定了10株分离株的菌膜形成量,并研究了不同培养温度（25~46℃）和不同营养条件（葡萄糖和氯化钠）对菌膜形成的影响。结果显示,体外培养条件下,金黄色葡萄球菌普遍可以形成菌膜,10株菌中仅1株为菌膜阴性,不同菌株菌膜形成能力差异较大;较高的培养温度有利于菌膜的形成,有3株菌在46℃时菌膜形成量达到最大;0.5%葡萄糖和1%氯化钠的添加可显著改变各菌株的菌膜形成,葡萄糖倾向于促进临床分离株菌膜形成量的增加,而氯化钠倾向于促进食品分离株菌膜形成量的增加。这一结果,可以为实际环境中菌膜的预防及控制提供指导和方向,同时也说明金黄色葡萄球菌的菌膜形成存在着不同的调控模式。     

测土配方施肥应用软件研究与开发

在实施国家级测土配方施肥项目的实践基础上,将专业知识和电脑编程技术完美结合起来,研发出了一款非常适用的作物测土配方施肥专家。该软件集测土配方施肥数据库建立与维护、测土配方公式自定义与测试、精准配方施肥计算、施肥建议卡和土样测定评价表定制与填充、采样地块信息归类汇总统计、批量作业等功能于一体。阐述了该软件产生的背景、目的和意义、软件特点、主要特色功能以及主要功能模块应用。     

小麦叶绿体果糖 1, 6 二磷酸醛缩酶活性的测定方法及应用

高等植物中的果糖1,6二磷酸醛缩酶（FBA）在叶肉细胞的叶绿体中高效表达,可逆催化卡尔文循环中果糖1, 6 二磷酸（FBP）和景天庚酮糖1, 7二磷酸（SuBP）的合成反应,在各种非生物胁迫的逆境条件下,FBA会表现出不同的响应。为了测定小麦叶绿体FBA (CpFBA)的活性,进一步研究小麦中CpFBA的功能,本研究比较了两种酶活性测定方法：一种方法是根据FBA催化FBP分解的过程中NADH转化为NAD⁺的量来确定FBA的活性;另一种是利用谢利万诺夫试剂（Sediwanoff reagent）与酮糖FBP作用生成鲜红色复合物,根据OD₅₂₀的变化测定FBA的活性。在此基础上,测定了两个小麦材料在4℃低温处理过程中CpFBA活性的变化。结果表明,谢利万诺夫试剂法对于测定小麦叶绿体FBA活性较为可行。CpFBA酶活性受到温度的影响,随着处理时间的延长,在35 d内两个材料的FBA酶活都呈现升高降低升高的交替变化,相比较而言,对低温不敏感的小麦矮变1号相对稳定,对低温敏感的返白系小麦出现先升高后又逐渐降低的趋势。     

水稻测土配方施肥示范试验效果评价

通过对水稻配方施肥示范试验,在水稻的产量、效益上与常规施肥进行对比,从增产率、增收、产投比等指标对配方肥效果进行评价。结果表明,配方施肥较常规施肥对第一作业区、第二作业区、第四作业区、第六作业区、第七作业区的水稻增产、增收效果更好,产投比增幅也较大;而对第三作业区、第五作业区、第八作业区、第十作业区、科技园区的水稻有增产作用,但不增收。     

基于收购质量的烤烟烟叶无损检测技术研究综述

简要介绍了基于收购质量的烤烟烟叶无损检测的特点,讨论了在线检测与自动分级系统硬件方面的研究,并对计算机技术、人工神经网络、模式识别、高光谱等技术应用于烤烟烟叶的等级评价进行了综述,对该领域今后的研究方向提出了新的思路。     

复合土钉在深基坑支护中的应用研究

结合唐山市第三空间综合体深基坑工程,基于FLAC3D 软件的弹塑性有限差分分析,对基坑坡顶水平位移实测数据与数值模拟结果进行了对比分析.研究表明:土钉和预应力锚索相结合的复合土钉支护方法,能够较好地控制基坑变形的发展.该工程的成功实施,对今后类似工程具有较大的借鉴价值.     

Evaluation of ultrasonic sensor for variable-rate spray applications

Automatic variable-rate sprayers require accurate measurement of canopy size. An estimate of canopy size is made by measuring the distance to the canopy at several elevations above the ground; an ultrasonic sensor was used to determine canopy distance in this study. It is sometimes necessary to conduct spray operations during harsh operating conditions. In this study ultrasonic sensors were subjected to simulated environmental and operating conditions to determine their durability and accuracy. Conditions tested included exposure to extended cold, outdoor temperatures, cross winds, temperature change, dust clouds, travel speeds and spray cloud effects. The root mean square (RMS) error in a series of measurements of the distance to a simulated plant canopy was used to test for significant difference among treatments. After exposure to outdoor cold conditions for 4 months, the RMS error in distance measured by the ultrasonic sensor increased from 3.31 to 3.55 cm, which was not statistically significant. Neither the presence of dust cloud nor the changes in cross-wind speeds over a range from 1.5-7.5 m/s had significant effects on the mean RMS errors. Varying sensor travel speed from 0.8 to 3.0 m/s had no significant influence on sensor detection distances. Increasing ambient temperature from 16.7 to 41.6 °C reduced the detection distance by 5.0 cm. The physical location of the spray nozzle with respect to the ultrasonic sensor had a significant effect on mean RMS errors. The mean RMS errors of sensor distance measurements ranged from 2.3 to 83.0 cm. The RMS errors could be reduced to acceptable values by proper controlling the sensor/spray nozzles spacing on a sprayer. In addition, multiple-synchronized sensors were tested for their measurement stability and accuracy (due to possible cross-talk errors) when mounted on a prototype sprayer. It was found that isolating the pathway of the ultrasonic wave of each sensor reduced detecting interference between sensors during multiple sensor operation. Test methods presented herein may be useful in the design of standardized testing protocols for field use distance sensors.